7.31.2007

Tending to Grace

Fusco, Kimberly Newton. 2004 . Tending to Grace. New York : Knopf. 0375828621


Plot Summary
Cornelia is a withdrawn, well-read teenager, abandoned by her mother at her unknown aunt’s house. Over the course of the summer, Cornelia learns how to cope with the quirky Aunt Agatha, finding her strengths and her steady voice.

Critical Analysis
The author creates an unlikely relationship between Cornelia and Agatha, which is the core of the book. Cornelia’s character is a complex, interesting young girl. She has learned how to adapt to a life without a father, and with an absent-minded mother, who leaves her at the first mention of moving away with her new boyfriend. The mother although sympathetic to Cornelia’s shyness and stuttering, does little to love and support her in her struggles during the teen years. Because of her inability to express herself confidently, Cornelia has isolated herself from the world.

Aunt Agatha is an older distant relative who has lived an isolated life. She has very eccentric ways that lend itself to being supportive of Cornelia’s uniqueness. The beginning of their relationship survives because they cohabitate, and Cornelia focuses her initial attention on cleaning. The situation was supposed to be temporary until the mother got her new life on track. Cornelia’s longing for familiarity, her mother, and being anywhere other than where she is, gives her escapist tendencies. Her stuttering is so severe that she avoids even getting a library card because she will have to say her name to the librarian whom she refers to as Warm Milk. Through gentle acceptance of each other, Agatha and Cornelia become close. Cornelia teaches her neighbor friend and aunt how to read, giving her more confidence in speaking aloud and with the love and support of her aunt, she eventually returns to high school with dreams of attending college someday. Upon returning to school, she is placed in a special education class because of her stuttering. Most likely, a classic method in public schools especially. Through her own adamancy, she finds an English teacher to recognize her reading level and intelligence and is given a chance in the honors class, which she feels is more interesting.

The story is simple, calm, and vivid with descriptions of Agatha’s house, garden and life as seen through Cornelia’s observant vantage. The author creates a short novel that any teen with low self-esteem, for whatever reason, can relate. Unfortunately, it tells a story that is not easy to mirror. Although it is not uncommon that teenagers are abandoned or ignored by their parents and guardians, it is not often that one is left to fend for themselves in such a positive and loving situation. There is value in the ways that the author shows how Cornelia’s confidence increases as she makes a friend, feels useful helping her aunt, and is given space to be herself without apologizing. It is good in the way that it helps show how Cornelia wants to be invisible when around other people, a common survival tactic used by self-conscious teenagers. However, she is a caring, intelligent person when not pressured by the world’s conversations.

I know very little about stuttering and so cannot speak directly with the way that the author addresses it. It is clearly an integral component to the character of Cornelia. She seems to improve in asserting herself as she practices speaking to her aunt and friend who neither judge nor pressure her to be articulate. As a child with speech problems, I can remember developing vivid conversations in my head as a coping mechanism, as Cornelia does. Her aunt builds her a teepee in the backyard that becomes her safe space and cocoon. She develops her writing skills even more and begins her life story. All of these things are great suggestions for a family looking to help a child with speech problems, however it certainly depends upon the cause of the stuttering and the author never addresses this fact. This gives the impression that one can overcome the problem with care, compassion, patience and support. Although, I am sure that many with stuttering or other speech impediments cannot be so easily solved and would leave a child feeling ashamed if they could not overcome them with the help of such things as she did. The focus of the story lends itself more to developing confidence in oneself and ones strengths rather than feeling ashamed of ones weaknesses. In this light, it was a beautiful book. The literary quality was good. The story flowed, had conflicts and resolutions, richness and simplicity, and kept my attention.

Review Excerpts

"...a novel that poetically portrays the human potential to fly after emerging from a cocoon of neglect." Susan W. Hunter, Riverside Middle School, Springfield, VT, School Library Journal


"Like Katherine Paterson's classic The Great Gilly Hopkins (1978) and many other stories of the rejected kid who finds a family with a rough solitary older adult, this quiet, beautiful first novel makes the search for home a searing drama. " Booklist http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0553494236/sr=1-1/qid=1185909815/ref=dp_proddesc_0/105-9522721-4213214?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1185909815&sr=1-1


Connections

7.28.2007

Totally Joe


Howe, James. 2005. Totally Joe. Ginee Seo Books. 0-689-83957-X


Plot Summary
Joe Bunch is a teenager, learning who he is and how to be completely himself amidst a time in life when to stand out is usually not recommended. Supported by a group of friends that all have their own quirks, Joe revels to his teacher how he sees himself and the world in this alphabiography.

Critical Analysis
This is a clever, fun, witty, happy and entertaining read. Joe is a refreshing character for young readers who need a positive, confident, twelve-year-old boy to identify with no matter what their unique qualities may be. Joe deals with many universal challenges in this book with humor, creativity and an honest strength that reads as inspiration and encourages the pre-teenagers to be open about who they are and not be ashamed of their individuality.

The cast of characters are complex but support the main character, Joe, in interesting and important ways. His best friend, Addie is a quirky, outspoken feminist with individual and intelligent strengths. Joe’s two close guy friends each have less than normal family lives and have learned ways to navigate the world of middle school each in their own way. Joe’s parents are caring people who encourage Joe to be himself no matter what. His older brother is a “guy-guy” but in his own way loves and supports Joe. His aunt Pam is a young, hip confidant that Joe learns how to be strong and courageous. This motley crew is the perfect support network for a young boy who is gay, harassed by school bullies, but feels no reason to hide who is simply to fit into the cool crowd.

Joe steers through common middle school struggles such as crushes, relationships, fitting in, and is recognized as being “totally Joe”. A few gender stereotypes play a little tiresome in the beginning of the story. For example, “But, when you’re a boy, people just expect you to: 1. Make fart noises under your armpit and think it’s hilarious…8. Be an expert on a. video games b. cars c. sports d. fixing things e. acting tough” (p8). However, a lot of the emphasis is in order to show that Joe is the clear opposite of a guy-guy. It seems probable that a 12 year old may view boys and girls in such black and white ways. This is a great bit: “I also like books, but I wish there were more books about boys like me. I mean, most of the books “for boys” are about guy-guys. The characters are always trapped in the wilderness, where they become friends with a wolf, or their biggest worry in life is how they’re going to score the winning point for a team. Yawn.”(p83) A great quote to remember when emphasizing the importance for a diverse collection.

The language is a bit over the top, but the author is clearly trying to create a character that has a flair for dramatic emphasis. This is best exemplified in the footnotes to his teacher Mr. D. For example, he uses such phrases as “I am so not making this up” or “Peoples Exhibit A: Kevin = handsome. Not.” (p126) or the best one, “I picked this term [disclosure] up from C-SPAN, which I was only watching because I dropped the remote while channel surfing and the batteries fell out and rolled under the couch and it took me fifteen minutes to find them. After being stuck for one-quarter of an hour on C-SPAN, I have to ask: DO REAL HUMAN BEINGS ACTUALLY WATCH THIS? ON PURPOSE? SHOULD WE SEND HELP?” (p132).
This would be a great addition to any library collection. The cover is also fabulous!

Review Excerpts
"A character that lives and breathes with all the inconsistencies, fears, and longings of your normal, average seventh-grade homosexual." -- Kirkus Reviews starred review

"Obviously, the novel will be problematic for some--not only because of the gay theme and Joe's age but also the stereotypic portrayal of the bullying Christian family. Joe himself often comes off as a cross between Niles Crane and Harvey Fierstein. But he also reacts like a kid, and readers in his situation will wish for the love and support he receives from friends and family, as well as the happy life he so clearly envisions." Ilene Cooper, Booklist

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0689839588/sr=8-1/qid=1185909450/ref=dp_proddesc_0/105-9522721-4213214?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1185909450&sr=8-1


Connections
Lambda Literary Award nominees for Nominees for CHILDRENS/YOUNG ADULT (17) Sept-Dec 2006:

  • Wolfcry by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes (Random House Children's Books)
  • The Boys and the Bees by Joe Babcock (Carroll & Graf)
  • Playing the Field by Phil Bildner (Simon & Schuster)
  • The Manny Files by Christian Burch (Simon & Schuster)
  • Life As I Knew It by Randi Hacker (Simon & Schuster)
  • Is He or Isn't He? by John Hall (Avon)
  • A Queer Circle of Friends by Lisa Lees (Phreeky Dragon Press)
  • Wide Awake by David Levithan (Random House Children's Books)
  • Full Spectrum, edited by David Levithan & Billy Merrell (Random House Children's Books)
  • Between Mom & Jo by Julie Anne Peters (Little Brown)
  • Tripping to Somewhere by Kristopher Reisz (Simon & Schuster)
  • Skip Macalester by J.E. Robinson (Harrington Park Press)
  • Getting It by Alex Sanchez (Simon & Schuster)
  • Tale of Two Summers by Brian Sloan (Simon & Schuster)
  • Now Is the Hour by Tom Spanbauer (Houghton Mifflin)
  • Erik & Isabelle's Junior Year at Foresthill High by Kim Wallace (Foglight Press)
  • Pearl's Christmas Present by Thomas S. Wurst (Pearl & Dotty)

http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/current_nominees.html#childrens

Additional Information
I found an essay that the author wrote about this book. He made some extremely important comments about how and why he developed Joe’s character. “He was the boy I wished I could have been when I was his age.” After two marriages and fifty years of denial, the author came out. “Hard as it is for me to believe, there are those who think gay people come into existence fully formed as adults, that there are no such things as gay children, or if there are it is only because evil, lecherous gay adults have seduced or recruited them. Because those of us who are gay (and most of us who are straight) know better…” He talks about using characters in the book to “express the anger I felt toward the hypocrisy of those who sit in judgment, those who use religion to hate and exclude, those who bully out of ignorance and fear.” All very important and thought provoking points to share. The whole essay can be found at http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=511175&agid=9.


Ages: 10 and up
Grades: 5 and up

Awards:
ALA Best Books for Young Adults Nominee
ALA Notable Children's Books
ALA Quick Picks Nominee
Bank Street Best Books of the Year
CCBC Choices (Cooperative Children's Book Council)
Kansas State Reading Circle Middle School Titles
Kirkus Editor's Choice
Lambda Literary Award Finalist
Maine Student Book Award Master List
NCTE Notable Children's Books in the Language Arts
NYPL "Books for the Teen Age"
Thumbs Up! Award Master List (MI)

Habibi


Nye, Naomi Shihab.1997. Habibi. New York: Simon and Schuster. 0689801491.

Plot Summary
Thirteen-year-old Liyana Abboud and her family have decided to leave St. Louis and move to Jerusalem, the place her father grew up. Navigating in a foreign country, her family learns the reality of the conflicts between the Jews and the Arabs, the countrymen and the soldiers. With the help of their extended traditional Arab family living in a nearby rural village, the charming shopkeepers and other new friends they come to love their new home in all it's splendor and complexity.

Critical Analysis
This book was simply enchanting. I drank up her writing like sweet liquid sliding down my throat. The chapter’s titles and headings gave a whimsical glimpse into the heart of the main character, Liyana. For example, “Negotiations: Maybe peace was the size of a teacup” and “History of kissing: I would like to know the story of every little thing.” How delightful.

Habibi is clearly rooted in the cultural identity of the characters involved in the story. As Arab Americans, the Abboud family embarks upon a return to this region with preconceived notions and views of the state of peace and conflict. This is the thread of the story. The family members each learn how to understand themselves, their new gender roles, and their notions of cultural identities through their own lenses as they live in the city of Jerusalem and spend time in the nearby countryside. They each confront their own prejudices as well as their ideals. The author does a beautiful job addressing how each character sees the struggles through their age, roles (mother, child, etc), comfort zones and other means of understanding ones surroundings. Each develops different adaptabilities and these ways enrich the story from all four sides.

The author contrasts the two grandmothers subtly but in a way that establishes how Liyana understands the two sides of her heritage. The journeys inside and outside of the city walls give examples of Bediouns, Armenian educators, Israeli soldiers, refugee camps, Jewish and Arab neighborhoods. This reads a very multicultural rich experience filled with sights, smells, colors, textures and images that draw a vivid portrait of life in this region. There are subtle situations infused into the story giving the reader the sense that people of different backgrounds (mainly the Jews and Palestinians) are living near but in distrust and anger among neighbors. There is no mention of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, but its effects are implied throughout the text (for example, the refugee camps are a cause of this). It is unfortunate that the author did not introduce this important historical context, perhaps as a lesson that Liyana learns in school or something. However, the main characters including the grandmother Sitti, portray how some people do not subscribe to racist, angry and non-peaceful ways of living with others and outwardly rebel with their actions and words.

This is a book that all children should be required to read in school and would lend to some interesting class discussions. I will surely recommend it to many others.

On a personal note: My family uprooted from my home in Washington State and moved to the Virgin Islands in my sophomore year of high school. Although I had no cultural ties to the Caribbean, I understand a teenage culture shock and became a better writer and observer as Liyana did. I could relate to Liyana’s experience of initial longing, mixed emotions, being torn between the old and the new, the known and the unknown and the unfamiliar rules of a new school.

Connections

Additional juvenile books that offer a historical context for children:
  • Kamm, Josephine. 1968. The Hebrew People: a history of the Jews
  • Clinton, Cathryn. 2002. A stone in my hand.
  • Ashabranner, Brent K. 1984. Gavriel and Jemal: two boys of Jerusalem.
  • Ashabranner, Brent K. 1991. An ancient heritage: the Arab-American minority


Additional Information
Jane Addams Children's Book Award

7.22.2007

Half and half


Namioka, Lensey. 2003. Half and half. New York: Delacourte Press. 0385730381.

Plot Summary
Fiona is a child of parents from two different races. Her grandparents come to visit during the Folk Festival and Fiona is forced to choose between her Scottish heritage and her Chinese heritage for which performance she will attend. Her love of dancing and her support of her father are at odds and eventually she learns how to satisfy everyone involved, including herself, while embracing both of her halves.

Critical Analysis
This book addresses a very common situation in this country today. Children of mixed races is extremely common and the identity crisis that they must feel during the teenage years when the struggle to fit in battles the struggle to stand out. Not all of the cultural heritages that make up each of us are always at odds however. Namioka’s story plays rather simply an issue of magnificent depth and complexity. Indeed, even more so at the age of Fiona’s character. Her analysis of the various conflicts seems very rosy, naive, uncomplicated and inappropriate for the age of her character.

The story creates several smaller conflicts all centered on the issue of who Fiona sees herself as, Scottish or Chinese. The grandparents pressure Fiona and her brother in choosing whom they identify with more and take offense to the loss when not chosen. They are characterized as simple, selfish, and outright cruel because of their demand for loyalty. This can hardly be realistic to such an extreme and seems like a fabrication to create false tension between themselves and conflict for Fiona.

The story begins when Fiona is forced to choose between Asian, White or Other for a class registration form. In the beginning of the story, she declares that she “can’t enroll in the dance class until I decide what my race is!” (p14) This is a plausible situation that would bring inner conflict in anyone and is too neatly tied at the end of the book with her succumbing to being an Other as a way out from having to “choose one culture over another”(p136). She succumbs to being this half-and-half person throughout the book with clever phrases like, “Normally I don’t mind looking Chinese. But now I was very conscious that I didn’t belong. I felt like a prune in a bowl of strawberries.” (p47) Aside from the unfortunare way this is phrased it is also an awkward metaphor. The situation is rather simplified and the author misses an opportunity to address this common situation in a more challenging way.

The Folk Festival that centers the book’s storyline is also a simplified black and white cultural celebration. The Scots wear traditional kilts, the Chinese wear traditional silk jackets. The Scottish dance is danced by children that look Scottish and this leaves Fiona to feel out of place because she looks more Asian than European. There are likely other dancers that are not pure Scottish heritage that may also look different than a traditional Scot but there is no mention of this and seems really unrealistic. The Chinese character’s that the father illustrates for his children’s books apparently follow the stereotypical Chinese girl’s characteristics and mannerisms (meek, walks with head down, small feet and hands, and others mentioned by the author) and leave Fiona feeling like she is not right to portray the characters for his presentation. However, the father’s character reads as being very open to embracing one’s individuality and likely does not draw characters that mimic stereotypes he himself does not believe, simply to please his Chinese mother. This is an example of another simplified conclusion to a rather important issue.

The author includes one other “half and half” or mixed race child in the story and she hardly struggles with the same racial identification. Her best friend is Japanese American and she serves only to be her friend more than someone Fiona relates to and coverses about this. There are other children that Fiona shares her lunch with that are the “Odds and Edds Box” table (p12). Apparently kids that are African American, Hispanic, Asian American and ‘all sorts of mixtures’ sit here while everyone else has a table of their own kind. Also, unlikely in today’s schools. Of course, schools have clicks of groups and similar “kinds” but this gives the impression that pure breds are the majority and this is extremely untrue. It clearly is described this way to show that Fiona is different and that the others that are also different are whom she feels kinship to. True enough, but simplified, unsmooth, and doesn’t seem to teach tolerance, open mindedness or any other lesson that this author was clearly trying so hard to do with this plot.

Review Excerpts
“A realistic, gentle and funny tale.”—Detroit News & Free Press

“Readers will identify with Fiona’s struggle to fit in.”—Publishers Weekly
http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780440418900

Connections
Other mixed race children character based juvenile titles:
  • Dorris, Michael. The Window. 1997. When ten-year-old Rayona's Native American mother enters a treatment facility, her estranged father, a Black man, finally introduces her to his side of the family, who are not at all what she expected.
  • Garland, Sherry. Valley of the Moon: the diary of Maria Rosalia de Milagros. 2001. The 1845-1846 diary of thirteen-year-old Maria, servant to the wealthy Spanish family which took her in when her Indian mother died. Includes a historical note about the settlement and early history of California.
  • Woodson, Jacqueline. The house you pass on the way. 1997. When fourteen-year-old Staggerlee, the daughter of a racially mixed marriage, spends a summer with her cousin Trout, she begins to question her sexuality to Trout and catches a glimpse of her possible future self.

7.21.2007

Grandfather's journey

Say, Allen. 1993. Grandfather's Journey. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 0395570352

Plot Summary
Say's grandfather is a dreamer and traveler. In this picture biography, he shares his life venturing from Japan to the United States, exploring the vast lands by train and foot. He returned to Japan to marry and bring his childhood sweetheart bride back to California to raise a family. Years of life bring a sense of being torn between his two homes.

Critical Analysis
This beautiful, simple biography shares a life of adventure, love and longing between two worlds. Say's grandfather is portrayed as a dignified, courageous, dreamer. The clothing is appropriate to the location of each setting. It is historically accurate and depicts the way that he adapts to various situations. For example, his casual western dress while exploring the farm fields; his western-style sweater while in his living room in California versus his Japanese robe sitting in his Japanese living room later; and traditional robe that bears the insignia on his arm as the robe of his youth in the first painting. His glasses change as the years pass, as does his facial lines and features as he ages.

His daughter is portrayed in urban San Francisco dress while she departs their Japan village home and later wears traditional obi and robe in her wedding painting. The females in the book are appear unemotional and posed as a formal picture setting would be. The young daughter's doll is an Anglo girl on a stroller that was used at the time. She wears a short black haired bob and an expressionless face.

The paintings portray the landscape and environment of both city and countrysides, and evolve historical over the course of the twentieth century. The grandfather poses in front of the steam engine, barber shop, and steamboat which illustrates the time period without any mention in the text. The text illuminates his sense of being torn between two worlds with phrases such as, "my grandfather began to think about his childhood. He thought about his old friends."(p17) and "but he could not forget the mountains and rivers of California" (p25) and "The last time I saw him, my grandfather said that he longed to see California one more time." (p29)

On page 12, the author illustrates how he met different people he had never met before. "He shook hands with black men and white men, with yellow men and red men." In the painting for this page, the men of all 'colors' are all dressed as gentlemen with ties, vests and hats. It is unclear whether the author/illustrator created the text and images from old photographs he found or whether he reconstructed them based on stories, research and ideas. There is no author's note or explanation regarding the what he developed the story. The grandfather's name is never mentioned. His daughter (the author's mother) is referred to as 'his daughter' and 'young woman'. This detracts from identifying with the characters and is unfortunate he chose to leave them anonymous.

The story is obviously personal to the author. "When I was a small boy, my favorite weekend was a visit to my grandfather's house." (p24) Although it is possible that this grandfather, daughter, etc. are simply fictionalized characters seeking to tell the story of a Japanese man's journey to and from the United States. Either way, the story is lovely, the illustrations are simple and crisp which could even tell the story without text. Good for any age.

Review Excerpts
"Grandfather's Journey eloquently portrays a Japanese immigrant's travels to a new land. Exquisite watercolors portray vast landscapes along with intimate family portraits that communicate hope, dignity, sadness, and love. Say powerfully connects the personal and the universal to create a rare harmony of longing and belonging." http://www.ala.org/ALSCTemplate.cfm?Section=caldecotthonors&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=17490

"...at once a very personal tribute to his grandfather and a distillation of universally shared emotions. Elegantly honed text accompanies large, formally composed paintings to convey Say's family history." - Publishers Weekly

Connections
Other Allen Say picture books with various stories of Japanese American's experiences try these: Tea with Milk, Music for Alice, Home of the Brave, Kamishibai Man and Tree of Cranes.

Additional Information
1994 Caldecott Medal Winner

The earth dragon awakes: the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906


Yep, Laurence. 2006. The earth dragon awakes: the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. New York: HarperCollins. 9780060275242

Plot Summary
The author shares a historical fiction young adult taking place during the 1906 San Francisco Earthquakes and Great Fires. As told through the voice of a young wealthy boy from one neighborhood and through the eyes of a young Chinese immigrant boy who lived in Chinatown. The events of the earthquake, after shocks, and subsequent fires unfold as they affect each family and neighborhood.

Critical Analysis
Henry and Chin are two young friends that narrate this tragic tale through personalized voices. Yep juxtaposes the perspective of a rich American boy with a Chinese houseboy's perspective. The contrast is both shocking and subtle. The author illuminates neighbors reactions to the tragedy in each of their community's throughout the story. The people in Chinatown are found immediately seeking refuge in the temple in prayer. The wealthy Americans are found scavenging their possessions they long to keep. The neighbors efforts of rescue contrasts each other as does the types of responses of one person helping another showing greed and kindness in different ways. The buildings in each neighborhood are destroyed differently probably because of the structural soundness and also to do with the location of the earthquake's epicenter. Chinatown residents congregate in a central open park and cook for large groups of refugees. The Sacramento Street residents have an impromptu block party with their furniture on each front yard and individual fires for cooking and heat.

Both of the boys come to view their father differently after their strengths of survival and courage are revealed during the event. They liken their fathers to Marshall (Wyatt) Earp after the cowboy books they secretly read. Both refer to the relief they feel when seeing army soldiers, firemen and city hall members as they feel safer and the disaster is under control.

The author does a great job at illustrating historical aspects of the scene and city. For example, the horse pulled fire engines, and the newspaper metal characters strewn out front of the publishers house (p42-3). There is a simple geology lesson and detailed historical bits in chapters mixed throughout the book. The reader learns about plate tectonics, aftershocks, fires, and other effects such as water and gas line blows.

There are reoccurring references to the natural disasters as dragon-like. For example, "flames wag out of the windows like salamander tongues" (p42), "tongue of fire dances"(p48), "slithers across San Francisco like a dragon with red spines" (p71), "the fire seems like a living monster" (p81). Ah Quon refers to the earthquake as the Earth Dragon that is stirring.

There are not obvious contrasts due to ethnicity but the author makes a point to include the ethnicity of different families in the Nob Hill camp by what they are cooking. There are no Chinese names used for items, locations or food, other than mahjong and junk, and three characters names Chin, Ah Sing and Ah Quon. Otherwise there is little culturally significant facets to this story which neither helps or hinders the reenactment and historical context. The book is excellent for the intended audience and portrays an event that is rich, tragic, and done in interesting ways.

Review Excerpts
"But the story as a whole should appeal to reluctant readers. Its natural disaster subject is both timely and topical, and Yep weaves snippets of information on plate tectonics and more very neatly around his prose." Catherine Threadgill- School Library Journal

"Told in the present tense, the narration provides a "you are there" sense of immediacy and will appeal to readers who enjoy action-packed survival stories." Linda Perkins - Booklist

Connections

Additional Information
  • Texas Bluebonnet Award nominee
  • "Mr. Yep is one of children's literature's most respected authors and a recipient of the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award for his body of work." http://harpercollins.com/authors/12929/Laurence_Yep/index.aspx?authorID=12929

7.13.2007

Rain is not my Indian name

Smith, Cynthia Leitich. 2001. Rain is not my Indian name. New York: HarperCollins. 0688173977.

Plot Summary
Cassidy Rain Berghoff is a teenager growing up in rural Kansas. When her best friend/only love Galen is killed on her birthday, New Years Eve, Rain finds that being around family is the only place of comfort. Her mother was killed by lightning when she was young, her father is stationed in Guam, her family life consists of a loving Grampa, older brother and his girlfriend. Rain slowly comes out again after six months of mourning, accepts a photography shooting job to cover her aunt's Indian Camp, and begins to heal from her painful feelings of abandonment and loss.

Critical Analysis
Rain is a complex, multi-layered character, much like any teenager would be. She reads science fiction fanzines, watches Star Trek, wears black nail polish, loves Chinese food and photography. Rain is an intelligent young girl that is confident in her identity of mixed Indian blood, but not in her place in the town. Her feelings are expressed in journal entries that begin each chapter revealing past and present situations that sometimes share a connection with the chapter's events, and sometimes do not seem fluid. The entries play a dramatic honesty with statements like "Or I'd chicken out and drown in a pit of humiliation, insecurity and despair" (p1). The entries do not contain a date and often seem confusing as to why they are included where they are if only to separate the narrative. The writing voice is the same used in the chapters and does not seem more or less differentiated as a secret being reveled by a teenager in her diary. This journal writing is only referenced once in the story when her Aunt Georgia returns it to her after she leaves it behind. She does not seem so worried about someone reading it without her permission, which is highly improbable for teenager's secret diary.

Smith portrays a slew of mixed race characters that live in a small town in Kansas. Their Indian cultural identities are explored as they join together in Indian Camp and raise funds to take a trip a wild rice harvest in Ojibway country. Smith tackles many stereotypes of Indians in this text. Nearly every chapter contains subtle ways our society commodifies the Indian character. For example in references to the cigar-store Indian (p104), statements like "you're Indian, and Indians...like corn" (p128), and "dreamcatchers are kind of...trendy, don't you think?" (p71). "At school, the subject of Native Americans pretty much comes up just around Turkey Day, like those cardboard cutouts of the Pilgrims and the pumpkins and the squash taped to the windows of McDonald's. And the so-called Indians always look like bogeymen on the prairie, windblown cover boys selling paperback romances or baby-faced refugees from the world of Precious Moments." (p13)

The town is an accurate portrayal of a small town in the Midwest with gossiping, petty politics, teen pregnancies, and the way that one tragic event affects everyone in town in some way because everyone is so connected to each other's lives. The fact that the story is told by a mixed Indian teenager gives the reader a glimpse into the feelings of a member of a minority (being one of nine Indians living in town). Rain uses the terms Indian and Native American interchangeably calling her brother "Native American Fabio", calling the children at camp Indian campers, and selecting an Indian woman for her school project.

Identifying people's ethnic background is a common theme throughout the book. Rain comments, "From a distance, nobody would have guessed she was a Muscogee Creek-Cherokee. Or, for that matter, a natural redhead," referring to her Aunt Georgia (p25). "Part of the deal with being mixed-blood is that every now and then I fell like I have to announce it. 'What are you?' people sometimes ask Fynn. It sounds like they want him to ID his entire species...How much Indian are you? (About forty-five pounds' worth.) And 'Are you legally [or a card-carrying] Indian?" (p48). Queenie needs to justify why she is attending the Indian camp as she is obviously African-American but not Indian. She retorts, "come to find out, one of my great-grandfathers was a Native American..."

Rain develops a friendship with Flash, a reporter intern she works with to cover her first photo shoot. He reveals that he is Jewish and can identify with feeling out of place in their small town. Through conversation they each realize how little they know about each other's culture but can relate nonetheless, as in Rain telling him that "...all I know about Jewish people, I learned from Fiddler on the Roof" (p115-6).

Some of the activities that the teenagers take part in the story seem too young for 14 year olds, and a reader won't help but feel the characters wouldn't likely be interested in such things. For example, the building of a pasta bridge project at the Indian camp. Indeed building bridges or other large projects may be of interest but glue and pasta shapes, no matter what the creation, reminds of a preschool activity not likely to hold the attentions of a group of teenagers. There is a little social turmoil between friends involving boys but no nearly enough to represent a normal teen scene.

Review Excerpts
"A wonderful novel of a present-day teen and her 'patch-work tribe." - School Library Journal http://harpercollins.com/books/9780688173975/Rain_Is_Not_My_Indian_Name/index.aspx

"In both journal and narrative, we see a smart teenager with an acerbic wit." Multicultural Review http://ezproxy.twu.edu:2084/hww/shared/shared_main.jhtml?_requestid=84706

"
Still, Rain's observations are appealingly wry, and readers who stay with her until these themes are fully developed will find food for thought in this exploration of cultural identity."- Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books http://ezproxy.twu.edu:2084/hww/shared/shared_main.jhtml?_requestid=84706

Connections
Other YA stories about dealing with the death of someone close:
  • Swollen. Melissa Lion. 0385746423
  • Perfect. Natasha Friend. 1571316515
  • Catalyst. Laurie Halse Anderson. 0670035661
Other stories about struggles surrounding an American Indian identity and being a teen.
  • Hidden Roots. Joseph Bruchac. 0439353580
  • The absolutely true diary of a part-time Indian. Sherman Alexie. 0316013684
  • Slash. Jeanette Armstrong. 0919441297

Additional Information
Author's website: http://www.cynthialeitichsmith.com/ This is hands down the best author website I've ever seen. The author includes extensive information about each book, it's development, influences and background.

7.07.2007

Navajo: visions and voices across the Mesa



Begay, Shonto. 1995. Navajo: visions and voices across the mesa. New York: Scholastic. 0590461532

Plot Summary
The book is a collection of poems and paintings about life in northern Navajoland. Begay's personal introduction shares intentions to expose his experiences growing up Navajo, schooled in government boarding schools, and during a time of great technological advancements. The poems are intimate reflections about his family members, seasons, animals, ancestors, and rituals of today.

Critical Analysis
The collection is a beautiful, personal piece that both Navajo and non-Navajo can enjoy. Begay's paintings are done in a pattern of small strokes across the page with vibrant and earth tones blending. They create moods of daylight and dusk, solemn faces of contemplation and peace, subtle backdrops of animal spirits and cliff dwellings. They are about each poem but stand as their works of art without verse as well.

The poems are free verse and rhyme. Begays words are flowing and vividly descriptive. They juxtapose the old and today understandings of life. For example, in Navajo Power Plant "Navajo power plant and the powerful healing plant [tobacco], they share the same plateau. One gives us strength and wisdom here and now - one gives power to strangers somewhere over the horizon." (p34) Also, in Anasazi Diaspora "The buildings [cliff houses] were left standing to remind us for all time what will happen if we choose to forget our history, our stories, and above all, our relation to our mother, the earth." (p43) Begay paints portraits, with both his words and paints, of the continuity of his life from those before him and those to come.

Some of the poems are simple descriptions about events in the daily lives of his friends and family. Coyote Crossing is a poem about an afternoon his aunt and uncle were riding in their truck and a coyote crossed the road. They pulled off to honor the coyote and to reflect on their journey. He describes the contents of the glove box (unknown papers, Book of Mormon, corn pollen pouch) and in so doing shares the modern possessions of his relatives. The prayer said after seeing the Coyote is about harmony with the Earth and Sun, and restoring the beauty through respect. All the while, a European hitchhiker sits in the truck bed nibbling his organic snack. Again in a reverence to life's continuity, his uncle says "Coyote learned all our lessons in mythic times. He carries with him wisdom and strength as well as the dark sides of us."(p39)

The poems are neither fantastical or wild visions, but relate common understandings, from common situations and people, and the ways that the author comes to know his place in the world. This book was fantastic. I enjoyed it because it was a balance between the myths and legends of the people and the simple lessons of life learned through interactions with people and the environment. It is a shame that it is often miscataloged into the children's area simply because the large thin format of the book. It would support any adult poetry section as well. Or could be found in the Navajo Indians section of the non-fiction area.

Review Excerpts
"With these heartfelt paintings, poems and memoirs, the noted Navajo artist fulfills his stated goal of taking the reader "into the corners of my world, the Navajo world." - Publishers Weekly

"His figures are dignified but not idealized. Powerful and appealing in both word and image..." - School Library Journal

"His work is not angry or sentimental; there is an honesty and straightforwardness that allows his readers/viewers insight into his world-view. The variety of images reflects the complexity of life that many contemporary Navajo face." - Booklist

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0590461532/sr=8-1/qid=1184448842/ref=dp_proddesc_0/103-0135049-6180654?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1184448842&sr=8-1

Connections
Other Navajo stories for young readers:
Additional Information
Dine author & artist of Maternal Clan: Bitter Water and Paternal Clan: Salt Clan
website http://www.shontogallery.com/

Gluskabe and the four wishes


Retold by Bruchac, Joseph. Gluskabe and the four wishes. Illustrated by Christine Nyburg Shrader. 1995. New York: Cobblehill Books. 0525651640.

Plot Summary
This is the tale of four Abenaki men who set out in search of the mythical Gluskabe. It was known that he would grant one wish to those that come to him. Each men had different wishes, but only one of the four wished for something other than a selfish desire. Gluskabe grants them each their wishes in a pouch that they cannot open until they return home. The temptation is too great for the three selfish men and they are destroyed by their own desires. The last man is granted his wish to be the best hunter in order to feed his people and he is given the gift to understand the animals.

Critical Analysis
Opening with an Author's note, Bruchac identifies this as a traditional story among the Wabanaki of New England and the Nations within this. Then he identifies his own tribe affiliation with the Western Abenaki. He explains how he acquired this and other stories and how he interprets them and then recreates his own version. It is meant to be a teaching story and it clearly carries a message throughout the text that is not subtle.

Children will respond to the soft hued images of the four men and the gray haired Gluskabe. The illustrator, Shrader, focuses our attention to the various facial expressions, different characteristics among the men and simple dress of the men versus the Great Spirit and the first man who acquires many possessions. These contrasts are subtle but conscious. The environment is appropriate to the region (type of trees, animals, water). The anthropomorphic qualities of some of the elements (wind, tree, rock) is disturbing.

As far as legends go, this is a simple message and most can identify with the desires of at least one of the characters. The tale is a sort of Wizard of Oz parallel. I can't help but wonder what more children's books about Native American legends does little to dispel the stereotypes of Indians living in the ways of old, mythical lives. There is a library full of these, but much fewer books with modern, real characters teaching a similar message. It would be interesting to read the tale of a Gluskabe who is somehow more realistic in the ways of today integrated with the same message, characters and themes but easier to identify for children.

As you read this story it is clear that a live regaling of this would be extremely effective. Bruchac is clearly a storyteller.
A slightly complicated story for the intended audience ages 4 to 8.

Review Excerpts
"Bruchac is a master storyteller, and his talent is amply displayed in this retelling of an Abenaki tale." Donna L. Scanlon - School Library Journal from http://www.amazon.com/Gluskabe-Four-Wishes-Joseph-Bruchac/dp/0525651640/ref=sr_1_1/002-5446896-4425626?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1183848175&sr=8-1

"The author’s note, located at the very beginning of this picture book gives a wealth of background information on this particular traditional story, recognizes the distinct culture of the Wabanaki people, and establishes Bruchac’s creditability to be telling the story of Gluskabe." Allison Gurza from http://www.humboldt.edu/~crc/critiques/Bruchac.pdf

"The reader may excuse the {tale's} didacticism for, as the opening note explains, 'these stories are strong teaching stories.' However, Bruchac observes the three transformations with a coldly clinical eye, ignoring the possibilities for irony, or even horror, that the tale bountifully offers. Shrader's pastels capture the mystic haze that surrounds Gluskabe's island; the adventurers are neatly individuated, but rigidly posed. Bruchac states that he has researched at least four written versions of the tale, but he does not provide citations." Bush, Elizabeth, Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books

"The impeccably sourced, well-told tale, with its parallels to more familiar folktales--'The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship,' 'Diamonds and Toads'--is illustrated with dramatic, atmospheric oil paintings that aptly suggest an inchoate new world." Parravano, Martha V., The Horn Book

Connections
  • Bruchac, Joseph. 1990. Gluskabe stories.

  • Landau, Elaine. 1996. The Abenaki.

  • Tsonakwa, Gerard Rancourt. 2001. Seven eyes, seven legs: supernatural stories of the Abenaki.

7.01.2007

Becoming Naomi Leon




Ryan, Pam Munoz. 2004. Becoming Naomi Leon. New York: Scholastic. 0439269695.

Plot Summary
Naomi Soledad Leon Outlaw lives with her great-grandmother and brother in Lemon Tree, California. Her estranged mother shows up at their trailer home after seven years without word or support. Gram and the mother, Terri Lynn now renamed Skyla, struggle to understand each other's place in the children's lives and futures. When Skyla's ill-intentions become clear, Gram brings the children and friends down to Oaxaca, Mexico in search of the only other living relative, their father. The story unfolds through Naomi's perspective as she learns how much of her life is influenced by the two parents she has never known.

Critical Analysis
This is a story of a strong, creative young girl who is at the stage in her life discovering who she is and why. Ryan creates a vivid tale, rich with supporting characters of substance and relationships that influence and support Naomi's struggle. It is clear that she is close to her Gram and brother, Owen as well as her Gram's friends and neighbors. The family structure, although less than ordinary, reads natural and significant to the story and Ryan's desire to create an alternative view of family and identity.

The mother is abusive, confused and weak and although she has done little to show her love to her children, they love her with the longing of children who want to know her. The father is a Mexican fisherman who Ryan illustrates as a loving and kind wood carver, wise and fatherly to the children when he finally gets to reconnect. The great-grandmother is a strong mother/father role in their lives and yet is described in a fluid, loving way. Despite poverty and unusual situations, Gram clearly does what is best for the children with all her heart and tough love. Both children develop quirky but important daily habits of coping with their slightly abnormal circumstances: Owen sticks tape to his shirts to keep himself together, Naomi makes lists in her notebook. Both are highly probable and clever.

The story evolves well. The location and identities of the characters are significant and yet, universal. The author shares the children's understanding of themselves through Naomi's voice that is both wiser than her years, and yet struggling like a child her age might do. The descriptions of the Mexican celebrations and daily life are rich, colorful and true to form. She creates a wonderful tale that celebrates a situation that would be quite true and yet difficult to develop realistically. Ryan never falls into the trap of describing relationships in a superficial or ethnically stereotypical way. Naomi's voice is ripe with observations from the eyes of a child sometimes and from the eyes of one who understands so much.

The author does a beautiful job of laying the plot out. Divided into chapters by the names of clever animal's characteristics, the author subtly incorporates Naomi's interests and identity into her interactions with others. The Mexican-American connection is apparent and important to the characters but does not outweigh the other factors. Well done.

Review Excerpts

"Characterization is excellent and listeners will be happy that Naomi finds confidence, love, and security. A good choice for most collections."–B. Allison Gray, School Library Journal

"In true mythic tradition, Ryan, the author of the award-winning Esperanza Rising (2000), makes Naomi's search for her dad a search for identity, and both are exciting. Mom is demonized, but the other characters are more complex, and the quest is heartbreaking." - Hazel Rochman, Booklist (both reviews from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0439269970/sr=8-2/qid=1183428404/ref=dp_proddesc_0/105-0937988-9058008?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1183428404&sr=8-2)

Connections

  • Meyer, Carolyn. Jubilee Journey. 1997. 0152013776. - Another story about a young girl with a mixed race identity that is learning how all of the pieces of her family make up who she is.
  • Conly, Jane Leslie. Trout Summer. 1995. 0805039333 . - Also a story about a brother and sister who learn from an elder about how they can better understand themselves by knowing the family they came from.
  • Ibbotson, Eva. The Star of Kazan. 2004. 0525473475 . A juvenile fiction story about a young abandoned girl who struggles for her own identity that is challenged by an estranged mother who resurfaces.

6.28.2007

Jessie de la Cruz: A profile of a United Farm Worker




Soto, Gary. 2000. Jessie de la Cruz: A profile of a United Farm Worker. New York: Persea Books. 0-89255-253-0.
Plot Summary
The story of Jessie de la Cruz is a beautiful, rich, life journey of a strong woman. Jessie had the courage and perseverance of a hardworking farm worker who harnessed her strengths in order to bring people together for La Causa. Soto retells Jessie’s life from her youth during the Depression to the present. It is a portrait of a United Farm Worker, an activist who influenced many other workers over the course of her lifetime. It is a harrowing, honest depiction of a Mexican-American woman with the soul of a natural human rights activist.

Critical Analysis
Gary Soto recreates so many aspects of Jessie’s life, family, and work in this flowing narrative. It is vivid in illustrating her life in all of its trials and tribulations, and beautifully shares the voice of Jessie and her strength and optimism throughout. This is a historical look at the development and work of the United Farm Workers organization and its many everyday activists.

The text is a bit raw, and often the sentences lacked solid footing. This may have been in light of making the story readable to a younger audience, but this reader felt it made the book seem poorly edited. It reads like the author is transcribing the interviews and less like a storyteller sharing a tale of a life. For example, "More often than not life was severe for young Jessie. She kept being pulled from school in order to work in different rural places" (p8). The reader remains at a great distance from Jessie as a character by this style of writing.

The photographs give the reader a better understanding of the issues raised in the text. Such as, the conditions in the workcamp (p59), the experiences associated with picketing (p63), and the position of a body planting all day long (p65) . They also give a historical context because of the time period they were taken during, by way of the automobiles, the dress and hairstyles.

Soto does an excellent job at illustrating how Jessie's story is not only similar to other Mexican-American California laborers, but also the similarities and struggles between the undocumented Mexican laborers that were at odds with the strikes. Jessie shows how the fight was about the workers, all of them, regardless of their backgrounds, and against the officials and farm owners that oppressed the workers.

Providing personal expressions and intimate emotional feelings, Soto gives the impression that Jessie exposed all of herself in order to make the story accurate. For example, when driving through Yosemite with Blanche, Jessie joked, "My brother taught me a lot of English words, but I had trouble with the word 'Yosemite'. She used to pronounce it "Yo-so-mite". In the next paragraph, "Only weeks before, she had been sleeping in a fancy hotel...now she was bent over a row of plants...her arms and legs were tired"(p80). Soto continually juxtaposes the various aspects of Jessie's life in this way. Perhaps to illustrate the true nature of an activist, still working in the field against the very situation she was fighting to improve. Perhaps, to show the vast gap between those that had and those that did not. However, her story would not certainly be as fantastic had she "continued to move up the ranks into office jobs" as other activists in the UFW were doing. It is never clear why she continues to live and struggle in this way, or if it is by choice.

Jessie's identity as a Mexican-American is important to understanding every aspect of the story. She identifies with her brothers here in California as much as she identifies with them in Mexico and fellow Filipino workers, but it is never questioned that she is American. This is best exemplified in her congretional testimony at the end of the book. Her use of Spanish to communicate with the workers was vital to bringing people together, understanding the goals, and preserving that sense of unity. Her use of English to communicate with the officials was as essential to bring the message across in conversations with the government. This bilingualism is an extremely valuable asset to the UFW movement and to her role within the work and the fight. Soto, does not address this forthright, however it is a component that the book implies and would be understood by the young adult audience.

Jessie's financial circumstances are a vital component to the story. It is mentioned several times the way she prepares food (and what she prepares: tortillas, beans, etc), clothes, and home every evening for her family even after working all day in the field. She was forced to learn the brutal lessons of death by losing several family members in one year and this becomes a foundation for her continued perseverance and resilence through trials to come. The struggles of farmworkers are likely similar today. Indeed, most of the problems workers were facing during Jessie's life are still current today. The immigration politics today rest on alot of this struggle.


Review Excerpts

"In this clear and moving narrative, enhanced by photographs of the period, Jessie De La Cruz comes to life. Her feelings and experiences are captured against a background of the Depression and the civil rights and labor movements. For those looking for inspiration, who wish to do big things-Jessie is living proof that it can be done." http://www.perseabooks.com/jessiedelacruz.html





"I was so deeply moved by this portrait of a true American heroine." - Studs Terkel http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp?ean=9780892552856&z=y#CRV


"While unapologetically devoted to his subject, the author effectively personalizes the struggle of farmworkers in a manner that will enable students to understand and care about their triumphs."-Mary R. Hofmann http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp?ean=9780892552856&z=y#CRV



Connections

Other Mexican-American migrant worker's experiences:
  • Breaking Through, or The Circuit, or Cajas de Carton or La Mariposa all by Francisco Jimenez
  • Voices from the Fields by S. Beth Atkins

United Farm Workers tie-ins:

  • Harvesting Hope: The story of Cesar Chavez by Kathleen Krull
  • Cesar Chavez: a hero for everyone also by Gary Soto
  • Dolores Huerta juvenile biographies

Other female labor activists to introduce:

  • Mary (Mother) Jones (1843-1930) labor unions (1843-1930)
  • Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (1890-1964) American Civil Liberities Union
  • Activists involved in the great Arizona mine strike of 1983
  • Rose Pesotta (1896-1948), labor organizer and ILGWU board member
Additional Information


Author Gary Soto was once a farm worker himself.

Tomas and the library lady

Mora, Pat. Illustrated by Raul Colon. 1997. Tomas and the library lady. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 0679804013.

Plot Summary
Tomas is a member of a migrant worker's family. He moves to a new town in Iowa and after hearing all of his Papa Grande's tales, he suggests that Tomas go to the local library to learn new stories. The librarian shares new books with Tomas at every visit and Tomas' imagination is inspired by the tales he reads. When it is time to move on, he and the librarian have to say a sad adios.

Critical Analysis
This book shares a unique perspective about a population of children often overlooked in literature. The book left me feeling that the story was incomplete, however. The smattering of Spanish words throughout the text felt forced and out-of-context in each situation. Perhaps my hesitation to embrace this book has a little to do with the stereotypical librarian "look" and the heroic light she is placed in. It seems very rosy and does a surface job addressing the complex emotions that one would think to come with a child in this situation.

At the end of the book, the author notes that Tomas went on to becoming the chancellor of the University of California at Riverside. The story and the facts of Tomas' life insinuate that because of the librarian's influence on the child, because she "introduced" him to fantastic books, he later became a success. It leaves little room to credit the Papa Grande for instilling a love of stories as an important factor in his education. Also, it leaves little credit to Tomas' strength of curiosity, drive to excel or other factors like family support that may be as influential or more so than the library lady. This reads that the child would not have succeeded without this White lady's influence and was destined to be a migrant worker like the other members of his family and this is somehow not a success.

The author did a nice job showing how the books inspired Tomas' imagination as much as the stories Papa Grande told. The illustrations that supported the pages where Tomas was reading a book about dinosaurs are equally as vivid and evocative as those where he is listening to Papa Grande's stories. I liked the way Tomas was being sent to the library to learn stories to share with his family and to read to his Papa who requests "Read to me in English." This encouragement and "mission" is obviously a big reason why Tomas embraces the library lady's stories. It is a plausible situation and beckons the question why the brother or other children do not go with Tomas to the library. Indeed, if they were also "playing" during the day while their parents worked the fields, the other children would surely come along. It is unlikely, however, that the children did not also work in the fields with their parents. Tomas was old enough and often this is the case with migrant families.

The library and the stories read and heard, implies a sort of escape from their daily lives. This is true for all readers, young and old, living in every situation. In this way the story could perhaps be universally inspired to all children whether or not they can relate to Tomas' circumstances. It was also a positive look on a brief exchange of languages with Tomas teaching the librarian some words in Spanish in a sort of cross-cultural exchange.

Colon's images were calming, alluring and the color tones gave a desert, southwestern feeling rather than a midwestern feeling, perhaps more a nod to the roots of Tomas' heritage rather than his temporary home. The pictures have texture and depth. The characters were faintly a part of the landscape and backdrop as were the books in the library alluding to a seamless transition.

The Mexican heritage of Tomas was second to the story's message. The few words that were inputted into the pages were simply replacements for the English words, aside from the pan dulce that Tomas gives the library lady from his mother. They added no depth or greater understanding of the character's identity other than that his family uses Spanish terms to address each other. This is surely not the entire picture. It is plausible that the community speaks Spanish amongst themselves and the story would have been richer with this illustrated in some way. The dress of the characters does not stereotypical "look" like traditional Mexican dress which is most realistic for a family living in the United States doing work all day in the corn fields.

The storytelling tradition of elder regaling family around a circle after a hard day's work can be more illustrative of a Mexican family, or rather, not as commonly seen in the European descents that inhabit America today. The idea of community, and extended family that is implied in the same is also representative. Nuclear families who only read for their entertaining stories would be more typical of a White family's experience.

The time period is also something to note. The authors note at the end gives the life time of Tomas Rivera, whom the story is written about. The fact that his experience took place after the Depression, during the beginning days of farm workers unions is important. The story gives no historical context and does not focus on the conditions at the workcamps or in the fields. This is unfortunate because the medium and method could lend a slight introduction to such a context. All in all, it was a well illustrated, simple tale, that felt incomplete, a bit too rosy and shallow.

Review Excerpts
"What an enjoyable realistic fiction story that certainly encourages students to discover the joy of reading. " - Teri Viken at http://www.cedu.niu.edu/%7Ecarger/culture/tomas.html

"A gentle text and innovative artwork" - Publishers Weekly http://www.randomhouse.com/teachers/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375803499

"Colón's dreamy illustrations capture the brief friendship and its life-altering effects in soft earth tones, using round sculptured shapes that often depict the boy right in the middle of whatever story realm he's entered." - Kirkus Reviews at http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=y&EAN=9780375803499


Connections
For a series presenting different profiles of librarians and the way they inspire a love of reading, pair this title with two of my favorites:


  • Suzanne Williams' Library Lil' (0803716982)
  • Sarah Stewart's The Library (0374343888)
  • Barbara Joosse's Hot City (0399236406)


For a series focusing on the Mexican American migrant child's experience like Tomas', pair this title with:

For a series focusing on the power of the story and books to inspire the imagination as they did for Tomas, pair Tomas with:


  • David McPhail's Edward and the pirates (0316563447)
  • Michael Garland's Miss Smith's incredible storybook (0142402826)

Additional Information
The author's note at the end of the story gives a brief biography of the real Tomas Rivera, whom this story is inspired by.


6.22.2007

Sparrowboy

Pinkney, Brian. 1997. The Adventures of Sparrowboy. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Plot Summary
Henry is a young paperboy who reads the comics page of his daily before his route in the morning. He imagines what he would do if he became his favorite comic hero, Falconman. Henry runs into a sparrow and gets his superpowers from the ZAP! force. Flying over the neighborhood delivering papers, saving children and animals from dangerous situations, Sparrowboy is a hero on Thurber Street.

Critical Analysis
This book was written for 4 to 8 year olds and is especially great for readers interested in comics and superheros. The author plays off the comic hero's name, Falconman to create Henry's alternate superhero identity, Sparrowboy. Falconman's comic is written by the author's anagram name Barney Nipkin. Sparrowboy is a take off the Superman story. This fantasy is a common idea in many young children's imagination and Pinkney does a beautiful job of showing how fun it can be to imagine ourselves as a hero that flies through our own neighborhood doing good for others.

The artwork is the central component to the book. The layouts mimic a comic strip with dialogue boxes and meanwhile...s. The drawings are created by Pinkney's signature stratchboard style. The creator uses unique angles and sizes to emphasize the hero's view from the sky. Henry's character is a mix between a responsible job-carrying young boy and a superhero. He takes on the neighborhood bully and even wears his bicycle helmet throughout the whole book. What a true hero! This book is simple and fantastic.

Review Excerpts
"Comic book enthusiasts will find plenty of action here and feel just a little better for having curled up with this high-flying armchair adventure." - Kirkus Reviews

"Henry's heroics will win readers over instantly; he may not save the world, but before he returns to Earth, he does make his suburban neighborhood "just a little better." - John Peters, New York Public Library, School Library Journal
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0689835345/sr=8-1/qid=1182625574/ref=dp_proddesc_0/002-4198874-8224861?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books&qid=1182625574&sr=8-1


Connections
There are many juvenile picture books that feature the theme of children using flight for various reasons. The stories often involve the child's dreams and imagination. A few that may work well with Sparrowboy in a lesson include:
  • Myers, Christopher. 2000. Wings. New York: Scholastic.
  • Myers, Walter Dean. 1974. Fly, Jimmy, fly! Putnam.
  • Ringgold, Faith. 1991. Tar beach. New York: Crown Publishers.
More Information
  1. This book won the author the Boston Globe/Horn Book Award
  2. He has won numerous other awards. For complete list go to http://biography.jrank.org/pages/155/Pinkney-Jerry-Brian-1961-J-Brian-Pinkney-Awards-Honors.html
  3. Brian Pinkney says, "I make pictures for the child in me. My work is actually my way of playing. That's why I think children enjoy my books; they recognize me as one of their own." http://www.eduplace.com/kids/tnc/mtai/bpinkney.html

Jazz

Myers, Walter Dean. Illustrated by Christopher Myers. 2006. Jazz. New York: Holiday House.

Plot Summary
This book is composed of lyrical vignettes honoring jazz music and musicians. The introduction is a brief historical journey from the original "...blending of two musical traditions. African and European..."to the arrival of today's "different artists reinterpret[ing] the music according to their own sensibilities." Myers and Myers include 15 poems, a Glossary of Jazz Terms, and a Jazz Time Line highlighting interesting dates to note from the 1800s to today. It is a follow-up to their poetry blues tribute titled, Blues Journey (2003).

Critical Analysis
This father and son team make a beautiful tribute to jazz roots, influence and magic. The introduction is a bit in depth for the described age audience of 4 to 8 year olds. However, the teacher, the older reader, and the jazz enthusiast alike will benefit from the historical context in order to better contextualize the art form. The children will surely benefit without the history lesson however, because each two-page spread gives the reader and listener a visual feast. This book clearly celebrates the monumental founding and contributions of black musicians to the art form, as well as the evolution and unique qualities only found in jazz music. The writer provides his well researched, and passionate understanding of the influences and evolution of the jazz tradition, improvisation, and structure.

The poem lyrics are best read aloud either to oneself or to others. They flow and scatter and croon, in accordance with their subject. For example, the Three Voices poem breaks into the thum, thums of the bass, the reaching, preaching of the piano, and the sound born from the horn. These are "stories in rhyme" indeed. The Stride poem features a silhouetted pianist in front of the deep red background. The words form long white lines and are separated by short repeated black words beneath. Turned on its side, the piano imagery appears.

The paintings provide interesting angles, lighting and vibrant motions. They are bright, emotional, and fluid, as you would hope a picture book about a musician playing would be. The attention to detail is quality. From the size of the horn blowers cheeks (see cover image above), the dancing gaits of the funeral procession, the stretched and strained fingers of the pianist, to the flexed forearm of the drummer. You get the feelings of the sound with the combination of word and art. Every character in the book is black and dressed in clothing such as a purple suit and knee high socks of the New Orleans dancers. They readily depict that style and grace of the jazz musicians, singers, and dancers.

Review Excerpts

"Myers is arguably one of the most important writers of children's books of our age..." -Kirkus Reviews http://www.walterdeanmyers.net/reviews.html

"The father-and-son team behind blues journey creates a scintillating paean to jazz. Walter Dean Myers infuses his lines (and the rests between them) with so much savvy syncopation that readers can't help but be swept up in the rhythms." - Publishers Weekly

"...the father-son Myers team has put together an absolutely airtight melding of words and pictures that is perfectly accessible to a younger audience." - Starred Review, Booklist
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0823415457/ref=dp_proddesc_0/002-4198874-8224861?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books

Connections
"Wynton Marsalis' Jazz A B Z (Candlewick, 2005) offers an interesting comparison and complement: varied poetic forms and stylized, posterlike visuals present the lives of jazz musicians. Interaction with each inspired title informs the other and awakens interest in listening."–Wendy Lukehart, Washington DC Public Library, Review for School Library Journal http://www.amazon.com/Coretta-Scott-Illustrator-Honor-Books/dp/0823415457

Myers and Myers. 2003.
Blues Journey. New York: Holiday House.

Moss, Lloyd. 2005. Zin! Zin! Zin! A Violin. Aladdin Books. Also a stories in rhyme as a tribute to classic music and the musicians. The word patterns are similar and a lesson could explore the way authors give words to instrument's sounds.

More Information
  1. Jazz won Christopher Myers the Coretta Scott King Illustrator Honor Book award.
  2. Author Website - http://www.walterdeanmyers.net/
  3. A total of 63 books produced by Myers listed on author's website
  4. Numerous awards for the author and individual books including Newbery, Coretta Scott King, Virginia Hamilton Literary Award, Michael L. Printz Award, Margaret A. Edwards Award, Parents Choice Award, and many ALA awards.

6.21.2007

bird

Johnson, Angela. 2004. Bird. New York: Dial Books.

AWARDS:
· Coretta Scott King Award Winner
· NYPL's 100 Titles for Reading and Sharing
· ALA Best Book for Young Adults 2005
· ALA Notable Book 2005
· New York Public Library Best Book for Teen Age 2005

Plot Summary
Bird is a thirteen year old girl who has left her mother in Cleveland and headed to Alabama in a search of her stepfather, Cecil. When he left the two of them, Bird knew he must be headed to be with his secret other family, so she went to convince him to return to her and her mother. The story revolves around the friendship of Bird and Ethan (Cecil’s nephew), Bird and Mrs. Pritchard (a lonely older woman in town), and the connections between Jay and the other characters.

Bird hides in the shed of Ethan’s house in order to watch Cecil with his other family. She eventually finds it too hard to be friends with Ethan while living there and moves into a room with Mrs. Pritchard. Bird’s secrets continue to add up (where she is from, why she is here, and who she knows) and at an age when most girls become completely self-absorbed, this teenage girl often thinks about her mother, who she misses, her new friend Ethan, and Mrs. Pritchard’s kindness. She is a thoughtful, joyful, resilient, and brave young woman. A true hero in extenuating circumstances.

Critical Analysis
This story provides a warm, honest look into the emotions of a young girl who is lonely. Although it appears that Bird and her mother have a strong relationship, clearly she feels the need for a family that includes a father as well. Johnson provides two other character voices that also speak of loneliness: Ethan and Jay. Ethan gives the reader the idea that even when you live in a large loving family, often loneliness finds a roost to nest in. In Ethan’s case, he had a heart condition that caused him to have a difficult childhood in the hospital and he struggles with making sense of his new heart and school friends. Ethan proves wise and thoughtful, having learned many lessons of loss and facing death so young. Jay is the brother of Ethan’s heart donor. He struggles to watch Ethan playing and enjoying a new life, knowing that he will never be able to see his own brother again.

The thread throughout the story continues to be the different ways in which each character has come to their loneliness and how despite differing situations, they are all battling the same feelings.The imagery of a bird flying as a metaphor for escape or elevating above an unhappy situation is often used. Little attention is paid to why Bird likes to be called this nickname by Cecil by as a runaway she can choose how she introduces herself and seems to embrace this as a new identity. Another example of how adept Johnson is at writing between the lines. And one cannot help but realize that Bird learns about this form of flight, running away that is, from her stepfather Cecil. The author is truly poetic. Her words release a lullaby that rocks the reader into the melodies of her characters. Here are a few examples:

Ethan: “The world whispers when Mama is near. I’m thinking now that the girl dancing under the moon might make the world whisper too.” (18)

Jay: “Maybe his heart is searching for and not finding the place it used to live. I understand that because mine is searching and not finding too.” (34)

Bird: “Ethan holds his chest when he talks and Jay talks like his heart is in his hands.” (98)

Although stories about runaway teenagers are quite common, rarely is one told with such joy, kindness and love. Even while she is hungry, tired, lonely and afraid, Johnson gives Bird a voice of strength, wisdom and peacefulness. The story is not very influenced by the location (being in Alabama) with only brief mentions of the heat, the stickiness, the food. There are only a few minor references to Bird’s hair (afro, 105) typically only worn by black girls. Otherwise, race, background, etc. of each character is not a key component to the story. Johnson presents a tale that speaks across lines. The method of delivery, that is, the way that a reader hears several different characters voices divided into chapters seems common. Johnson does a nice job of weaving these seemingly distant stories together, slowly and subtly as the book evolves.

I enjoyed this story like the best drip of dark chocolate over a strawberry tip. Cool and fresh like the summer berry, yet rich and lasting like the flavor that lingers in your mouth long after.

Review Excerpts
“Johnson writes with a poet's knowledge of rhythm and knows how to use the space between words; the disconnect between what the boys think and what they say is especially well done.” – Gillian Engberg, Booklist

“Readers see how small kindnesses can ease the grip of grief and how large gestures–the literal giving of a heart–can redound to the giver's credit.” – Miriam Lang Budin, School Library Journal
http://www.amazon.com/Bird-Angela-Johnson/dp/0142405442/ref=pd_bbs_1/002-5858162-7285632?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1182454816&sr=1-1

Connections
Curtis, Christopher Paul. 2004. Bud, not Buddy. New York: Delacourt Books.
This book is also a Coretta Scott King Award Winner and also with the main character of a young runaway in search of his father. The likeness between these two stories does not end there, however a lesson could be structured on the complex emotions of runaway children in search of parents, issues of loneliness, time period differences between the two stories and the influences of people they come into contact with along the journey.